Assignment of Introduction To Linguistics “HOMONYM, SYNONYMS, ANTONYM, POLYSEMY, HYPONYM”

Homonym :

• Different word that we pronounced the same but may or may not be spelled the same.
• (semantics) (strict sense) A word that both sounds and is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning.
• (loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning, technically called a homophone(same sound) or a homograph (same spelling).
• (taxonomy) A name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another name that belongs to a different taxon.
• A word that has the same pronunciation as another. Homonyms differ from each other in
  • Meaning
  • Origin, and
  • Usually spelling.

The List of Homonym:

A very short little insignificant English

Eh an interrogative utterance

Acts things done

Ax chopping tool

Ad short for advertisement

Add short for addition

Adds performs addition

Ads more than one advertisement

Adze axe – like tool

Ade fruit beverage

Aid to assist

Aide an assistant

Aerie eagle’s nest

Airy breezy

 

Synonyms:

–      Different words with identical or very similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. The word comes from Ancient Greek syn (σύν) (“with”) and onoma (ὄνομα) (“name”).

–      Synonym is a word with the same meaning or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language.

Synonyms can be any part of speech (e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both members of the pair are the same part of speech.

The List of Synonym:

No	WORD	SYNONYM	INFO.	Meaning
1	About	Approximately	Adverb	Kira-Kira
2	Abstract	Summary	Noun	Ringkasan
3	To Answer	To reply	Verb	Menjawab, Membalas
4	To Appear	To Seem	Verb	Nampak
5	To glitter	To sparkle	Verb	Berkelap-kelip
6	To assure	To guarantee	Verb	Menjamin
7	Awful	Terrible	Adjective	Buruk sekali
8	To behave	To act	Verb	Berkelakuan
9	To begin	To start	Verb	Memulai
10	Brave	Courageous	Adjective	Berani
11	Last	Final	Adjective	Terakhir
12	Concord	Harmony	Noun	Keselarasan
13	Contrary	Opposite	Adjective	Berlawanan
14	Correct	Right	Adjective	Benar
15	To denote	To indicate, to represent	Verb	Menunjukkan
16	To emphasize	To stress	Verb	Menekankan
17	Extra	Additional	Adverb	Tambahan
18	To fabricate	To manufacture	Verb	Membuat
19	Select	Choose	Verb	Memilih
20	Formerly	Previously	Adverb	Sebelumnya
21	Fortunate	Lucky	Adjective	Untung
22	Impolite	Rude	Adjective	Tidak sopan
23	Lucid	Clear	Adjective	Jelas
24	Joy	Delight	Noun	Kesenangan
25	Overseas	Abroad	Adverb	Luar Negeri

 

Antonym:

–      A word that means the opposite to another word. They can be grouped into 3 types: Gradable, Complementary, andRelational Antonyms.

1. Gradable antonyms, the members of a pair differ in terms of degree. The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of other. For Example: Rich x Poor ; High x Low ; Wide x Narrow.

1. Complementary Antonyms, the members of a pair in this type are complementary to each other. Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denial of one also means the assertion of the other. For Example: Male/Female, Alive/Dead, Married/Single.

1. Relational Antonyms, they show the reversal a relationship between two entities. For example: Husband/Wife, Teacher/Pupil, Doctor/Patient, Buy/Sell, Above/Below.

The List of Antonym:

No	WORD	MEANING	INFO.	ANTONYM	MEANING
1	Easy	Mudah	Adjective	Difficult	Sulit
2	Husband	Suami	Noun	Wife	Istri
3	King	Raja	Noun	Queen	Ratu
4	Near	Dekat	Adjective	Far	Jauh
5	Fat	Gemuk	Adjective	Skinny	Kurus
6	Dull	Tumpul	Adjective	Sharp	Tajam
7	Poor	Miskin	Adjective	Rich	Kaya
8	Lock	Mengunci	Verb	Unlock	Membuka Kunci
9	Last	Yang Terakhir	Adjective	First	Yang Pertama
10	Often	Sering	Adverb	Seldom	Jarang
11	Slow	Lambat	Adjective	Fast	Cepat
12	Humble	Rendah Hati	Adjective	Arrogant	Sombong
13	Accept	Menerima	Verb	Refuse	Menolak
14	Prompt	Cepat	Adjective	Late	Terlambat
15	Precious	Berharga	Adjective	Worthless	Tidak Berharga
16	Perish	Binasa, Mati	Verb	Survive	Hidup
17	Inward	Dalam	Adverb	Outward	Keluar
18	Nervous	Gugup	Adjective	Calm	Tenang
19	Ancient	Kuno	Adjective	Modern	Modern
20	Arrival	Kedatangan	Noun	Departure	Keberangkatan
21	Miniature	Kecil	Adjective	Gigantic	Sangat Besar
22	Artificial	Buatan	Noun	Natural	Alamiah
23	Dark	Gelap	Adjective	Light	Terang
24	Despair	Putus Asa	Verb	Hope	Berharap
25	Friend	Teman	Noun	Enemy	Musuh

 

Polysemy:

• A word or phrase that has multiple meanings.
• A word with many meanings.
• A word with multiple related senses.

The List of Polysemy:

No	WORD	MEANING 1	MEANING 2
1	aggregation	coming together	result of coming together;
			those who come together
2	Assembly	coming together	result of coming together;
			those who come together
3	Bank	keep secure	place where things are kept secure
4	Bed	something sleepers lie upon	what a stream lies on
5	Book	a bound collection of pages	text distributed as a book
6	Capitalist	person who owns a business	supporter of capitalism;
			person who owns a business
7	congregation	coming together	result of coming together;
			those who come together
8	Court	seek favor	assembly of those seeking favor;
			the president of the court (“judge”)
9	delegation	granting authority to another	those to whom authority has been granted
10	Head	part of the body above neck	person in charge of an organization
11	Hospital	activity or place for lodging guests	place for treating the ill
12	Hunt	seeking something,	those engaged in a search and taking
		especially game animals,
		to kill or capture
13	March	moving together on foot	those who move together on foot
14	Milk	activity of extracting milk	result of extraction
15	militia	military or defense activity	those engaged in or subject to being required to engage in defense activity
16	ministry	serving the needs of others	those engaged in serving the needs of others
17	mole	a small burrowing mammal	someone who burrows for information hoping to go undetected
18	movement	motion, change in position	result of motion or change; those who move or change
19	nurse	serving the needs of others	someone engaged in serving the needs of others
20	police	make orderly (lawful)	law enforcers
21	service	doing for others	those who serve (especially military)
22	Viking	raiding	those who raid (especially of Scandinavian origin)
23	wedding	joining a couple in matrimony	those engaged in joining a couple in matrimony; time or place of doing so
24	wood	a piece of a tree	a geographical area with many trees
25	Crawl	to move slowly on hands and knees	to move slowly in traffic;
			to be covered with moving things;
			to swim the crawl

 

Hyponym:

• A word with a particular meaning that is included in the meaning of a more general word.
• A word that represents different categories covered by a superordinate: Superordinate: Animal, Hyponym: Cat, horse, etc.Superordinate is a general term that includes various different words representing narrower categories, called Hyponyms: SUPERORDINATE EXAMPLE:   Superordinate: Animal, Hyponym: Cat, horse, etc.

The List of Hyponym:

1. Superordinate: transportation ; Hyponym: car, motorcycle, pedicab, train, bus, cycle, truck, ferry, speed boat, helicopter, airplane.
2. Superordinate: day ; Hyponym: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
3. Superordinate: month ; Hyponym: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
4. Superordinate: color ; Hyponym: white, black, pink, green, red, grey, orange, violet, yellow, blue.
5. Superordinate: religion ; Hyponym: Moslem, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Buddhism.
6. Superordinate: sport ; Hyponym: football, baseball, basketball, aerobic, badminton, fencing, diving, chess, fighting, golf, marathon, grand prix.
7. Superordinate: fruit ; Hyponym: banana, orange, grape, mango, jackfruit, durian, watermelon, strawberry, cherry, honeydew melon, pineapple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, star fruit.
8. Superordinate: job ; Hyponym: teacher, doctor, soldier, lawyer, farmer, fisherman, gardener, civil servant, guide, policeman, driver, translator.
9. Superordinate: animal ;  Hyponym: bear, crab, dolphin, bee, butterfly, goose, eagle, leopard, frog, elephant, crocodile, penguin, shark, rabbit, pigeon, monkey.
10. Superordinate: human body ; Hyponym: face, hair, nose, lips, neck, throat, arm, back, head, finger, stomach, knee, eye, cheek, forehead, eyeball, ear, tongue, tooth, chin, brain, heart, muscle, leg, foot, lung.
11. Superordinate: family ; Hyponym: parent, child, mother, father, son, brother, daughter, sister, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother, husband, wife.
12. Superordinate: goods ; Hyponym: bottle, book, ring, doll, lamp, laptop, bag, paper, pen, cupboard.
13. Superordinate: country ; Hyponym: Indonesia, United State, North Korea, Japan, Germany, France, Holland, Italy, Spain, England, Turkey, Portugal, Australia.
14. Superordinate: language ; Hyponym: Indonesian, Malay, Arabic, Russian, Japanese, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Mandarin, English, Spanish.
15. Superordinate: adjective ; Hyponym: diligent, lazy, easy, difficult, hard, low, high, tall, short, clever, smart, stupid, angry, calm, wise, poor, rich, bad, good.
16. Superordinate: weather ; Hyponym: summer, winter, autumn, spring, dry season, rainy season.
17. Superordinate: subject ; Hyponym: English, chemistry, physic, biology, economy, mathematic, art, information and technology.
18. Superordinate: flower ; Hyponim: rose, lily, jasmine, orchid.
19. Superordinate: universe ; Hyponym: space, comet, star, earth, moon,
20. Superordinate: music ; Hyponym: pop, jazz, rock, blues, pop rock.